Background The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in STEM education (AI-STEM), as an
emerging field, is confronted with a challenge of integrating diverse AI techniques and …

There are many claims that gamification (ie, using game elements outside games) impact
decreases over time (ie, the novelty effect). Most studies analyzing this effect focused on …

The introductory programming course (IPC) holds a special significance in computing
disciplines as this course serves as a prerequisite for studying the higher level courses …

Predicting student performance as early as possible and analysing to which extent initial
student behaviour could lead to failure or success is critical in introductory programming …

Background Unplugged programming is proved to be an effective means to foster the
learner-centered programming learning. In addition to the final tests, learners' programming …

Previous studies have reported mixed results regarding the relationship between students'
use of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies and their performance in introductory …

Learning programming is a complex and challenging task for many students. It involves both
understanding theoretical concepts and acquiring practical skills. Hence, analyzing learners' …

Studies examining students' learning behavior predominantly employed rich video data as
their main source of information due to the limited knowledge of computer vision and deep …

Supporting teaching and learning programming with learning analytics is an active area of
inquiry. Most data used for learning analytics research comes from learning management …

Although previous research has provided some insights into the effects of block-based and
text-based programming modalities, there is a dearth of a detailed, multi-dimensional …