HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the
elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies …

With the development of modern chemistry and biology, non-proteinogenic amino acids
(NPAAs) have become a powerful tool for developing peptide-based drug candidates. Drug …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 as a highly
transmissible pathogenic human betacoronavirus. The viral spike glycoprotein (S) utilizes …

B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing is a powerful tool for interrogating immune responses to
infection and vaccination, but it provides limited information about the antigen specificity of …

A desirable but as yet unachieved property of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1) vaccine candidate is the ability to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). One …

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) mediates viral entry into host cells. To enable the direct imaging
of conformational dynamics within Env, we introduced fluorophores into variable regions of …

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer contains the receptor binding sites and
membrane fusion machinery that introduce the viral genome into the host cell. As the only …

The HIV envelope (Env) protein gp120 is protected from antibody recognition by a dense
glycan shield. However, several of the recently identified PGT broadly neutralizing …

We describe the development and potential use of various designs of recombinant HIV‐1
envelope glycoprotein trimers that mimic the structure of the virion‐associated spike, which …

Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) is increasingly becoming a mainstream technology for
studying the architecture of cells, viruses and protein assemblies at molecular resolution …