Abstract Changes in food composition and availability have contributed to the dramatic
increase in obesity over the past 30–40 years in developed and, increasingly, in developing …

Stress causes or contributes to a huge variety of diseases and disorders. Recent evidence
suggests obesity and other eating-related disorders may be among these. Immediately after …

Food intake follows a predictable daily pattern and synchronizes metabolic rhythms.
Neurons expressing agouti-related protein (AgRP) read out physiological energetic state …

There is a strong inter-relationship between activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal
axis and energy homeostasis. Patients with abdominal obesity have elevated cortisol levels …

Exposure to stress is inevitable, and it may occur, to varying degrees, at different phases
throughout the lifespan. The impact of stress experienced in later life has been well …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one the most potent orexigenic peptides found in the brain. It
stimulates food intake with a preferential effect on carbohydrate intake. It decreases latency …

Over the past decade or so, CART (cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript)
peptides have emerged as major neurotransmitters and hormones. CART peptides are …

Abstract Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread
worldwide. Several countries have imposed lockdown and isolation in attempt to mitigate …

Energy balance is maintained via a homeostatic system involving both the brain and the
periphery. A key component of this system is the hypothalamus. Over the past two decades …

Obesity is fast becoming the scourge of our time. It is one of the biggest causes of death and
disease in the industrialized world, and affects as many as 32% of adults and 17% of …