Research into the causes of Parkinson disease (PD) has accelerated recently with the
discovery of novel gene mutations. The majority of PD cases, however, remain idiopathic …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after
Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine in the substantia …

The pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is unknown, but nigral degeneration
and depigmentation are associated with microglial inflammation and anti-inflammatory …

Huntington's Disease (HD) is characterized primarily by neuropathological changes in the
striatum, including loss of medium‐spiny neurons, nuclear inclusions of the huntingtin …

Parkinson disease is caused by the death of midbrain dopamine neurons from oxidative
stress, abnormal protein aggregation, and genetic predisposition. In 2003, Bonifati et al.(23) …

Background The polypeptides involved in amyloidogenesis may be globular proteins with a
defined 3D-structure or natively unfolded proteins. The first class includes polypeptides such …

Memantine shows clinically relevant efficacy in patients with Alzheimer's disease and
Parkinson's disease. Most in vivo and in vitro studies attribute the neuroprotective effects of …

Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of protein substrates. The
mutations in the parkin gene can lead to a loss of function of parkin and cause autosomal …

Loss-of-function mutations of the parkin gene, which encodes a ubiquitin-protein ligase, are
a common cause of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP). Previous work has …

All cells in organisms ranging from yeast to humans utilize iron as a cofactor or structural
element of proteins that function in diverse and critical cellular functions. However …