Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Since we intend to review experimental and theoretical studies of physicochemical
processes occurring on cosmic dust grains in very cold regions in space, we start with a brief …

Icy grain mantles are the main reservoir of the volatile elements that link chemical processes
in dark, interstellar clouds with the formation of planets and the composition of their …

A new, more comprehensive model of gas–grain chemistry in hot molecular cores is
presented, in which nondiffusive reaction processes on dust-grain surfaces and in ice …

Formaldehyde and methanol were produced efficiently by the hydrogenation of CO in H 2 O-
CO ice at 10 K in an atomic hydrogen beam experiment. The relative yields to the initial CO …

Chemical reactions on the surface of cosmic ice dust play an important role in chemical
evolution in space. Among the many kinds of molecules observed, the abundances of some …

We investigate molecular evolution in a star-forming core that is initially a hydrostatic
starless core and collapses to form a low-mass protostar. The results of a one-dimensional …

A recent experimental study reported that glycine and other amino acids were formed when
cryogenic H 2 O ice containing small amounts of CH 3 OH, NH 3, and HCN was subjected to …

More than 140 different molecules have been identified in the interstellar medium (ISM) to
date. Dust grain particles are also found in the ISM, and some of these molecules freeze out …

Context. Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by water ice coating interstellar grains can lead to
dissociation and desorption of the ice molecules. These processes are thought to be …