Abstract The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many
populations. It is constantly evolving and 10 genotypic strains have been identified with …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common human pathogen transmitted worldwide, and its chronic
infection is a well‐known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The sex disparity of …

Viral hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) are responsible for the most of chronic liver
disease worldwide and are transmitted by parenteral route, sexual and vertical transmission …

SARS-CoV-2 can transmit efficiently in humans, but it is less clear which other mammals are
at risk of being infected. SARS-CoV-2 encodes a Spike (S) protein that binds to human …

Current antiviral therapy fails to cure chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, primarily
because of the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Although nucleos (t) …

Rapidly evolving RNA viruses continuously produce minority haplotypes that can become
dominant if they are drug-resistant or can better evade the immune system. Therefore, early …

Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 regularly infect host tissues that express antiviral
proteins (AVPs) in abundance. Understanding how they evolve to adapt or evade host …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is prevalent worldwide. The infectious agent, hepatitis B virus
(HBV), replicates via an RNA intermediate and is error prone, leading to the rapid …

This study investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) and
deletion mutations linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety‐three HCC patients …

Context: Despite various studies, there is no overall estimation about the efficacy of Hepatitis
B virus (HBV) vaccine among healthcare workers (including healthcare personnel and …