The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem
that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) …

Exosomes are a subtype of membrane-contained vesicles 40–200 nm in diameter that are
secreted by cells into their surroundings. By transporting proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA …

Quercetin, a naturally non-toxic flavonoid within the safe dose range with antioxidant, anti-
apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, plays an important role in the treatment of aging …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles released by virtually every
cell type. EVs have diverse biological activities, ranging from roles in development and …

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal malignant tumours. Gboxin, an oxidative
phosphorylation inhibitor, specifically restrains GBM growth by inhibiting the activity of F0F1 …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention as
promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in …

For a blood-borne cancer therapeutic agent to be effective, it must cross the blood vessel
wall to reach cancer cells in adequate quantities, and it must overcome the resistance …

There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based immunosuppression
was mainly attributed to the effects of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). MSC …

The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune
cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal …

Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs)
since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological …