This article surveys philosophical and scientific issues arising from questions about animal
consciousness. These questions include: which animals have consciousness and what (if …

Does the human mind resemble the machines that can behave like it? Biologically inspired
machine-learning systems approach “human-level” accuracy in an astounding variety of …

Social norms–rules governing which behaviours are deemed appropriate or inappropriate
within a given community–are typically taken to be uniquely human. Recently, this position …

Ockham's razor, the principle of parsimony, states that simpler theories are better than
theories that are more complex. It has a history dating back to Aristotle and it plays an …

The philosophy of animal minds addresses profound questions about the nature of mind and
the relationships between humans and other animals. In this fully revised and updated …

Recent studies purported to demonstrate that chimpanzees, monkeys and corvids possess a
basic Theory of Mind, the ability to attribute mental states like seeing to others. However …

Why did such highly abstract ideas as truth, knowledge, or justice become so important to
us? What was the point of coming to think in these terms? In The Practical Origins of Ideas …

This chapter critically examines the potential contributions of modern language models to
theoretical linguistics. Despite their focus on engineering goals, these models' ability to …

Philosophical attention to animals can be found in a wide range of texts throughout the
history of philosophy, including discussions of animal classification in Aristotle and Ibn Bâjja …

Making inferences from behaviour to cognition is problematic due to a many-to-one mapping
problem, in which any one behaviour can be generated by multiple possible cognitive …