Semaphorins are extracellular signaling proteins that are essential for the development and
maintenance of many organs and tissues. The more than 20-member semaphorin protein …

Semaphorins are membrane-bound or diffusible factors that regulate key cellular functions
and are involved in cell–cell communication. Most of the effects of semaphorins are …

Many neurological disorders are characterised by structural changes in neuronal
connections, ranging from presymptomatic synaptic changes to the loss or rewiring of entire …

Fertility in mammals is controlled by hypothalamic neurons that secrete gonadotropin-
releasing hormone (GnRH). These neurons differentiate in the olfactory placodes during …

Kallmann syndrome (KS) associates congenital hypogonadism due to gonadotropin-
releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency and anosmia. The genetics of KS involves various …

Cranial placodes (which include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, otic, lateral line,
profundal/trigeminal, and epibranchial placodes) give rise to many sense organs and …

Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐1 (GnRH‐1) is essential for mammalian reproduction,
controlling release of gonadotrophins from the anterior pituitary. GnRH‐1 neurones migrate …

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons originate the nasal placode and migrate
into the brain during prenatal development. Once within the brain, these cells become …

GnRH neurons follow a carefully orchestrated journey from their birth in the olfactory
placode area. Initially, they migrate along with the vomeronasal nerve into the brain at the …

The semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have
subsequently been implicated also in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis …