Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentiviruses,
human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Here, we describe the …

This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in
understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity …

This work examines the emergence and causes of new diseases all over the world,
describing a process called" spillover" where illness originates in wild animals before being …

Coronaviruses are found in a diverse array of bat and bird species, which are believed to act
as natural hosts. Molecular clock dating analyses of coronaviruses suggest that the most …

Recent discoveries of contemporary genotypes of hepatitis B virus and parvovirus B19 in
ancient human remains demonstrate that little genetic change has occurred in these viruses …

Abstract The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus of sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm) has been
revealed to be at the origin of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) in humans …

Since the isolation of HIV, multiple transmissions are thought to have occurred between man
and other old-world primates. Assessment of samples from apes and human beings with …

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy that have revolutionized HIV disease
management, effective control of the HIV infection pandemic remains elusive. Beyond the …

Selfishness is pervasive and manifests at all scales of biology, from societies, to individuals,
to genetic elements within a genome. The relentless struggle to seek evolutionary …

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) lineages have been identified that are endemic to
Bioko Island. The time the island formed offers a geological time scale calibration point for …