Digital technology is the representation of information in bits. This technology has reduced
the cost of storage, computation, and transmission of data. Research on digital economics …

" According to historians, European trade took off at the end of the 12th century in what is
now the North of France, in the county of Champagne. 1 It is at this period that this county …

Consumers, employees, students and others are often subjected to 'sludge': excessive or
unjustified frictions, such as paperwork burdens, that cost time or money; that may make life …

The New York Times–bestselling author of Nudge reveals how we became so burdened by
red tape and unnecessary paperwork—and why we must do better.“If nudges have a mortal …

An increasing number of households installing solar panels and consuming the energy thus
produced raises two challenges for regulators: network financing and vertical equity. We …

We present evidence that unnecessarily complex disclosure can result from strategic
incentives to shroud information. In our laboratory experiment, senders are required to report …

In 2018, the US adopted a nationwide law requiring that chain restaurants post calorie
counts on their menus and menu boards. This has led to considerable interest in the extent …

Tax enforcement is especially costly when market participants are difficult to observe. The
benefits of enforcement depend crucially on pre-enforcement compliance. We derive an …

Firms are increasingly using technology to enable targeted, or “personalized,” pricing
strategies. In settings where prices are transparent to all consumers, however, there is the …

Digital technology is the representation of information in bits, reducing the costs of collecting,
storing, and parsing customer data. This has led to a reduction of five costs: Search costs …