Exercise stimulates the release of proteins with autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine functions
produced in skeletal muscle, termed myokines. Based on the current state of knowledge, the …

Cytokines are important mediators of various aspects of health and disease, including
appetite, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and …

Eccentric contractions, characterized by the lengthening of the muscle-tendon complex,
present several unique features compared with other types of contractions, which may lead …

There have been a multitude of reviews written on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD)
and recovery. EIMD is a complex area of study as there are a host of factors such as sex …

Exercise-induced muscle damage is an important topic in exercise physiology. However,
several aspects of our understanding of how muscles respond to highly stressful exercise …

Psychological stress has been proposed as a major contributor to the progression of
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Acute mental stress can activate the sympathetic-adrenal …

Physical exercise affects the equilibrium of the internal environment. During exercise the
contracting muscles generate force or power and heat. So physical exercise is in fact a form …

Physical activity and exercise training have numerous health benefits, including the
prevention and management of chronic diseases, improvement of cardiovascular health …

Eccentric exercise commonly results in muscle damage. The primary sequence of events
leading to exercise-induced muscle damage is believed to involve initial mechanical …

Epigenetic ageing, ie, age‐associated changes in DNA methylation patterns, is a sensitive
marker of biological ageing, a major determinant of morbidity and functional decline. We …