Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), including mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and tidal
marshes, store carbon and provide co-benefits such as coastal protection and fisheries …

Intertidal mangrove forests are a dynamic ecosystem experiencing rapid changes in extent
and habitat quality over geological history, today and into the future. Climate and sea level …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Global mangrove loss has been attributed primarily to human activity. Anthropogenic loss
hotspots across Southeast Asia and around the world have characterized the ecosystem as …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Freshwater ecosystems provide irreplaceable services for both nature and society. The
quality and quantity of freshwater affect biogeochemical processes and ecological dynamics …

Executive Summary The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use1 (AFOLU) sector
encompasses managed ecosystems and offers significant mitigation opportunities while …

Coastal tidal wetlands produce and accumulate significant amounts of organic carbon (C)
that help to mitigate climate change. However, previous data limitations have prevented a …

The mangrove ecosystem has a high nitrate reduction capacity, which significantly alleviates
severe nitrogen pollution. However, current research on nitrate reduction mechanisms in the …

The response of mangroves to high rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR) is poorly
understood. We explore the limits of mangrove vertical accretion to sustained periods of …