Fever is a cardinal response to infection that has been conserved in warm-blooded and cold-
blooded vertebrates for more than 600 million years of evolution. The fever response is …

There is a great deal of evidence suggesting an important role for systemic inflammation in
the pathogenesis of A lzheimer's disease. The role of systemic inflammation, and indeed …

Inflammation causes the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), leading to the release of
prostanoids, which sensitize peripheral nociceptor terminals and produce localized pain …

Fever is a common symptom of infectious and inflammatory disease. It is well-established
that prostaglandin E2 is the final mediator of fever, which by binding to its EP3 receptor …

Introduction 3. Cytokines as endogenous pyrogenic and antipyretic agents 3.1. Interleukin 1
beta and the Interleukin 1 system 3.2. Tumor Necrosis Factor 3.3. Interleukin 6 3.4 …

Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I: C) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA that is used
experimentally to model viral infections in vivo. Previous studies investigating the …

cytokines and other products of the immune cells can modulate the action, differentiation,
and survival of neuronal cells, while the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide release play a …

Systemic inflammatory stimuli, such as infection, increase the risk of stroke and are
associated with poorer clinical outcome. The mechanisms underlying the impact of systemic …

Fever is a cardinal symptom of infectious or inflammatory insults, but it can also arise from
noninfectious causes. The fever-inducing agent that has been used most frequently in …

It is known that proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) are expressed in the
central nervous system (CNS) during disease conditions and affect several brain functions …