Many animals use vision to detect, discriminate, or recognize important objects such as prey,
predators, homes, or mates. These objects may differ in color and brightness—having …

Flower colour is a key component for plant signaling to pollinators and a staggering variety
of colour variations are found in nature. Patterning of flower colour, such as pigment spots or …

To understand the function of colour signals in nature, we require robust quantitative
analytical frameworks to enable us to estimate how animal and plant colour patterns appear …

Research in the honeybee has laid the foundations for our understanding of insect colour
vision. The trichromatic colour vision of honeybees shares fundamental properties with …

Many animals use the spectral distribution of light to guide behaviour, but whether they have
colour vision has been debated for over a century. Our strong subjective experience of …

Pigment stripes associated with veins (venation) is a common flower colour pattern. The
molecular genetics and function of venation were investigated in the genus Antirrhinum, in …

Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) discrimination of targets with broadband reflectance spectra
was tested using simultaneous viewing conditions, enabling an accurate determination of …

In many contexts, animals assess each other using signals that vary continuously across
individuals and, on average, reflect variation in the quality of the signaller,. It is often …

Bees discriminate between many different colours of flower petals, but it is not well
understood how they perceive and learn patterns frequently found in flowers with colourful …

Scots pine has been shown to produce a volatile bouquet that attracts egg parasitoids in
response to oviposition of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini. Previous analyses of …