The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and
organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell …

Background The soil microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining ecological balance,
supporting food production, preserving water quality and safeguarding human health …

Pathogens secrete effector proteins to subvert host physiology and cause disease. Effectors
are engaged in a molecular arms race with the host resulting in conflicting evolutionary …

Plant biotrophic pathogens employ secreted molecules, called effectors, to suppress the
host immune system and redirect the host's metabolism and development in their favour …

In plants, the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal signaling.
The perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from invading …

One of the causative agents of pokkah boeng disease (PBD), which affects sugarcane crops
globally, is the fungus Fusarium sacchari. These fungal infections reduce sugar quality and …

As the gall-inducing smut fungus Ustilago maydis colonizes maize (Zea mays) plants, it
secretes a complex effector blend that suppresses host defense responses, including …

Plant pathogens use effector proteins to promote host colonisation. The mode of action of
effectors from root‐invading pathogens, such as Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is poorly …

Biotic stresses caused by microbial pathogens impair crop yield and quality if not restricted
by expensive and often ecologically problematic pesticides. For a sustainable agriculture of …

Cladosporium fulvum is a fungal pathogen that causes leaf mould of tomato. The reference
genome of this pathogen was released in 2012 but its high repetitive DNA content prevented …