It is well known that genetic mutations can drive drug resistance and lead to tumor relapse.
Here, we focus on alternate mechanisms—those without mutations, such as phenotypic …

Microbial communities are continuously exposed to unpredictable changes in their
environment. To thrive in such dynamic habitats, microorganisms have developed the ability …

Microbial systems biology has made enormous advances in relating microbial physiology to
the underlying biochemistry and molecular biology. By meticulously studying model …

Quantitative modeling is quickly becoming an integral part of biology, due to the ability of
mathematical models and computer simulations to generate insights and predict the …

Highlights•Limitations in molecular resources for gene expression influence bacterial
physiology.•Bacteria optimise trade-offs between resource allocation and growth.•Resource …

Noise in gene expression is one of the hallmarks of life at the molecular scale. Here we
derive analytical solutions to a set of models describing the molecular mechanisms …

Artificial intelligence (AI) digital health systems have drawn much attention over the last
decade. However, their implementation into medical practice occurs at a much slower pace …

Phenotypic (non-genetic) heterogeneity has significant implications for the development and
evolution of organs, organisms, and populations. Recent observations in multiple cancers …

Randomness characterizes many processes in nature, and therefore its importance cannot
be overstated. In the present study, we investigate examples of randomness found in various …

Cell-to-cell heterogeneity is driven by stochasticity in intracellular reactions and the
population dynamics. While these sources are usually studied separately, we develop an …