Gut microbiota play an important role in maintaining intestinal health and are involved in the
metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Recent studies have shown that the …

The eye is a sensory organ exposed to the environment and protected by a mucosal tissue
barrier. While it shares a number of features with other mucosal tissues, the ocular mucosal …

The ocular surface microbiota refers to the resident non-pathogenic microorganisms that
colonize conjunctiva and cornea. Several studies have shown that ocular surface epithelial …

Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and the spondyloarthritis (SpA) subtypes ankylosing spondylitis,
reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are among the inflammatory diseases affected by the …

The term microbiome means not only a complex ecosystem of microbial species that
colonize our body but also their genome and the surrounding environment in which they …

Aim: The ocular surface is continually exposed to bacteria from the environment and
traditional culture-based microbiological studies have isolated a low diversity of …

Purpose: A growing body of evidence suggests that the microbiome of the ocular surface
confers potent immunoregulatory functions and has a key role in the physiologic …

Commensal microbes affect all aspects of immune development and homeostasis in health
and disease. Increasing evidence points to the notion that the gut commensals impact not …

The human microbiota refers to a large variety of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and
fungi) that live in different human body sites, including the gut, oral cavity, skin, and eyes. In …

Using metagenomics, continuing evidence has elicited how intestinal microbiota trigger
distant autoimmunity. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the …