Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

Polyploidy, or the duplication of entire genomes, has been observed in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organisms, and in somatic and germ cells. The consequences of polyploidization …

Premise of the Study Large phylogenies can help shed light on macroevolutionary patterns
that inform our understanding of fundamental processes that shape the tree of life. These …

As the world warms due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations, the Earth system moves
toward climate states without societal precedent, challenging adaptation. Past Earth system …

Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems.
Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification …

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to
study the effect of stresses on the photosynthetic process. From the first utilization, the F v/F …

How coniferous forests evolved in the Northern Hemisphere remains largely unknown.
Unlike most groups of organisms that generally follow a latitudinal diversity gradient, most …

Seed dormancy varies greatly between species, clades, communities, and regions. We
propose that fireprone ecosystems create ideal conditions for the selection of seed …

A substantial body of evidence has demonstrated that biodiversity stabilizes ecosystem
functioning over time in grassland ecosystems. However, the relative importance of different …

The ratio of plant carbon gain to water use, known as water use efficiency (WUE), has long
been recognized as a key constraint on crop production and an important target for crop …