Resistance to herbicides in arable weeds is increasing rapidly worldwide and threatening
global food security. Resistance has now been reported to all major herbicide modes of …

Non‐target‐site‐based resistance (NTSR) can confer unpredictable cross‐resistance to
herbicides. However, the genetic determinants of NTSR remain poorly known. The current …

Plant glutathione transferases (GSTs) are classified as enzymes of secondary metabolism,
but while their roles in catalysing the conjugation and detoxification of herbicides are well …

Discovered 40 years ago, plant glutathione transferases (GSTs) now have a well-
established role in determining herbicide metabolism and selectivity in crops and weeds …

Multiple-herbicide resistance (MHR) in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and annual
rye-grass (Lolium rigidum) is a global problem leading to a loss of chemical weed control in …

The antioxidant defense system acts to maintain the equilibrium between the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the elimination of toxic levels of ROS in plants …

Herbicide resistant (HR) weeds are of major concern in modern agriculture. This situation is
exacerbated by the massive adoption of herbicide-based technologies along with the …

Resistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase herbicides is documented in at least 43 grass weeds
and is particularly problematic in Lolium, Alopecurus and Avena species. Genetic studies …

Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous, abundant, and indispensable thiol for plants that
participates in various biological processes, such as scavenging reactive oxygen species …

Plants are frequently exposed to natural and synthetic toxins such as heavy metals,
allelochemicals, organic pollutants, and pesticides. Consequently, plants must mount …