The term sarcopenia was first introduced in 1988 by Irwin Rosenberg to define a condition of
muscle loss that occurs in the elderly. Since then, a broader definition comprising not only …

In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known
individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these …

Wasting/cachexia is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is to be
distinguished from malnutrition, which is defined as the consequence of insufficient food …

Ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the endogenous ligand of the growth-hormone
secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a). Since then, ghrelin has been found to exert a plethora …

Abstract Protein-energy wasting (PEW), which is manifested by low serum levels of albumin
or prealbumin, sarcopenia and weight loss, is one of the strongest predictors of mortality in …

A breakthrough using “reverse pharmacology” identified and characterized acyl ghrelin from
the stomach as the endogenous cognate ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue …

Impaired kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to kidney failure and
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a serious medical condition associated with increased …

Deranged protein metabolism is known to complicate uremia. Insulin resistance is evident in
chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients. We hypothesized that the degree of insulin resistance …

In individuals with chronic kidney disease, surrogates of protein-energy wasting, including a
relatively low serum albumin and fat or muscle wasting, are by far the strongest death risk …

Anorexia and malnutrition confer significant morbidity and mortality to patients with end-
stage kidney disease but are resistant to therapy. The aim of this study was to determine …