The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

Although cardiac action potential (AP) generation and propagation have traditionally been
attributed exclusively to cardiomyocytes (CM), other cell types in the heart are also capable …

Cellular sodium ion (Na+) homeostasis is integral to organism physiology. Our current
understanding of Na+ homeostasis is largely limited to Na+ transport at the plasma …

Long‐term super‐resolution imaging appears to be increasingly important for unraveling
organelle dynamics at the nanoscale, but is challenging due to the need for highly …

Lysosomal calcium (Ca2+) release is critical to cell signaling and is mediated by well-known
lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Yet, how lysosomes refill their Ca2+ remains hitherto …

Newly synthesized secretory proteins are exported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at
specialized subcompartments called exit sites (ERES). Cargoes like procollagen are too …

Intracellular Ca 2+ fluxes are dynamically controlled by the co-involvement of multiple
organellar pools of stored Ca 2+. Endolysosomes are emerging as physiologically critical …

Osteoclasts are giant bone-digesting cells that harbor specialized lysosome-related
organelles termed secretory lysosomes (SLs). SLs store cathepsin K and serve as a …

Acidification of secretory and endocytic organelles is required for proper receptor recycling,
membrane traffic, protein degradation, and solute transport. Proton-pumping vacuolar H+ …

Immune cells degrade internalized pathogens in phagosomes through sequential
biochemical changes. The degradation must be fast enough for effective infection control …