Many questions on the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis remain to answer. The SARS-CoV-2
genome encodes some accessory proteins that are essential for infection. Notably …

Background. Coinfections have a potential role in increased morbidity and mortality rates
during pandemics. Our investigation is aimed at evaluating the viral coinfection prevalence …

Introduction: The present study systematically reviewed the clinical features and risk factors
in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) who also acquired coronavirus …

Abstract Background and Aim In late 2021, the world faced the rapid spread of the SARS‐
CoV‐2 Omicron variant, which quickly became the variant of concern. In April 2022, two new …

The complement system, as a vital part of innate immunity, has an important role in the
clearance of pathogens; however, unregulated activation of this system probably has a key …

The respiratory system was primarily considered the only organ affected by Coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the pandemic continues, there is an increasing concern from …

In December 2019, there was an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown causes in Wuhan,
China. The etiological pathogen was identified to be a novel coronavirus, named severe …

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a modern infectious disease,
first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The etiology is via severe acute …

Introduction: The use of steroids has been proposed as a pharmacological approach to treat
the SARS-CoV-2 infection to improve outcomes. However, there are doubts about safety …

Background. The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is the cause of the latest pandemic of the 21st century;
it is responsible for the development of COVID‐19. Within the multiple study models for both …