Despite improvement of antifungal therapies over the last 30 years, the phenomenon of
antifungal resistance is still of major concern in clinical practice. In the last 10 years the …

One of the major advances serving to define the beginning of the era of modern medicine
was the development of penicillin in the early 1940s as the first widely used antibiotic …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious complication during treatment of opportunistic
fungal infections that frequently afflict immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant …

Background Biological networks are highly dynamic in response to environmental and
physiological cues. This variability is in contrast to conventional analyses of biological …

Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae survives in microenvironments utilizing networks
of regulators and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters to circumvent toxins and a variety …

ABSTRACT A major mechanism of azole resistance in Candida albicans is overexpression
of the genes encoding the ATP binding cassette transporters Cdr1p and Cdr2p due to gain …

Much like other microorganisms, wild yeasts preferentially form surface-associated
communities, such as biofilms and colonies, that are well protected against hostile …

Azoles are widely used in antifungal therapy in medicine. Resistance to azoles can occur in
Candida albicans principally by overexpression of multidrug transporter gene CDR1, CDR2 …

The ABC transporters Candida glabrata Cdr1 (CgCdr1), CgPdh1, and CgSnq2 are known to
mediate azole resistance in the pathogenic fungus C. glabrata. Activating mutations in …

Phenolic inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates interfere with the performance of
fermenting microorganisms. Among these, coniferyl aldehyde is one of the most toxic …