The potential for climate-related spread of infectious diseases through marine systems has
been highlighted in several reports. With this review we want to draw attention to less …

Although research into the ecology and impacts of invasive species is prevalent, there are
knowledge gaps relating to the role of invasive species in parasite transmission. This work …

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, and bivalves such as the Eastern
oyster (Crassostrea virginica) can accumulate these particles directly from the water column …

Recent research indicates that microplastic (< 5 mm) ingestion may impact the immune
function of marine and aquatic organisms at the tissue and cellular levels; however, their …

Elevated CO2 levels (hypercapnia) frequently occur in patients with obstructive pulmonary
diseases and are associated with increased mortality. However, the effects of hypercapnia …

Increasing prevalence of hypoxia in shallow waters of US Gulf of Mexico (GoM) estuaries
can pose a serious threat to eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Their tolerance to …

Global warming is causing the oceans to simultaneously warm, decrease in pH and
increase in pCO 2, stressors that will have deleterious impacts on physiological function in …

Anthropogenic carbon emissions have resulted in drastic oceanic changes, including
increased acidity, increased temperature, and decreased salinity. Anthropogenic carbon …

Diel-cycling hypoxia is widespread in shallow portions of estuaries and lagoons, especially
in systems with high nutrient loads resulting from human activities. Far less is known about …

Human activities have altered not only the oxygen content of the coastal and open ocean,
but also a variety of other physical, chemical and biological conditions that can have …