Toe walking can occur because of an underlying anatomic or neuromuscular condition, but
in the majority of cases toe walking is idiopathic, without a discernable underlying cause. For …

Background Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is an exclusionary diagnosis given to healthy
children who persist in walking on their toes after they should typically have achieved a heel …

Abstract Background The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is an observational tool designed to
measure the position of the foot. Its reliability is well established, and it provides normative …

Background Ankle joint range of motion is a frequently assessed measure used by health
care clinicians who manage lower limb pathologies to identify ankle equinus and/or other …

Objective Calcaneal apophysitis, is a relatively common cause of heel pain in children. Very
few randomised studies have evaluated treatment options. This trial compared the …

Background There remains a substantial lack of evidence to support the use of foot orthoses
as a conservative treatment option for idiopathic toe walking (ITW). Encouraging heel …

Background Children and young people make up an age group most vulnerable to falls.
Various stability disorders may become instrumental in sustaining more frequent falls and …

Background Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is a diagnosis of exclusion for children walking on
their toes with no medical cause. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the …

Objective We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether a combination of
repeated botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and conservative treatment is more effective in …

Objective To determine and compare the birth history or postnatal complications of
idiopathic toe walking (ITW) and toe walking known to be associated with a medical …