Retinoids, the active metabolites of vitamin A, regulate complex gene networks involved in
vertebrate morphogenesis, growth, cellular differentiation and homeostasis. Studies …

Over two decades of research have demonstrated that the peptide hormone endothelin-1
(ET-1) plays multiple, complex roles in cardiovascular, neural, pulmonary, reproductive, and …

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a large spectrum
of congenital malformations ranging from severe manifestations, such as renal agenesis, to …

The oral or pharyngeal apparatus facilitates the dual functions of respiration and feeding. It
develops during embryogenesis from transient structures called pharyngeal arches (PAs) …

Interactions among the forebrain, neural crest and facial ectoderm regulate development of
the upper jaw. To examine these interactions, we activated the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) …

Prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors can affect development and
induce irreversible abnormalities in both humans and wildlife. The northern part of Kibale …

Articulated jaws are highly conserved structures characteristic of gnathostome evolution.
Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions within the first pharyngeal arch (PA1) instruct cephalic …

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of graded levels of dietary vitamin A on
sea bass larval performances and to determine optimal retinol levels at different larval …

Retinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), is an essential morphogen
signaling molecule and major regulator of embryonic development. The dysregulation of RA …

During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated
cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual …