Although the clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has
ushered in a new era of anti-tumor therapy, with sustained responses and significant …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key factor regulating tumor cell invasion and
metastasis. The effects of biochemical factors such as stromal cells, immune cells, and …

ABSTRACT Background: Tumor PD-L1 levels have predictive value in PD-1/PD-L1
checkpoint blockade therapies, yet biopsies can only provide baseline information. Whether …

Lung cancer affects over 1. 8 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer
related mortality globally. Currently, diagnosis of lung cancer involves a combination of …

Tumor biopsy is the gold standard for the assessment of clinical biomarkers for treatment.
However, tumors change dynamically in response to therapy, and there remains a need for …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most commonly diagnosed
cancer worldwide. Despite advances in the treatment management, locally advanced …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide and early
diagnosis is crucial for the management and treatment of this disease. Non-invasive means …

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy constitutes a promising cancer treatment strategy that targets
the immune checkpoints to re-activate silenced T cell cytotoxicity. In recent pivotal trials …

Despite its high potential, PD-L1 expressed by tumors has not been successfully utilized as
a biomarker for estimating treatment responses to immunotherapy. Circulating tumor cells …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a molecularly heterogeneous
disease, with a 5-year survival rate that still hovers at~ 60% despite recent advancements …