Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that results in lysosome-
mediated recycling of organelles and protein aggregates, as well as the destruction of …

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a stress-induced transcription factor that is
frequently upregulated in cancer cells. ATF4 controls the expression of a wide range of …

One week after fertilization, human embryos implant into the uterus. This event requires the
embryo to form a blastocyst consisting of a sphere encircling a cavity lodging the embryo …

Sex exerts a profound impact on cancer incidence, spectrum and outcomes, yet the
molecular and genetic bases of such sex differences are ill-defined and presumptively …

Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to
events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be …

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral that regulates the expression and activation of
biological molecules such as transcription factors, enzymes, adapters, channels, and growth …

Small populations of adult stem cells are responsible for the remarkable ability of the
epithelial lining of the intestine to be efficiently renewed and repaired throughout life. The …

Organs are composed of diverse cell types that traverse transient states during
organogenesis. To interrogate this diversity during human development, we generate a …

The glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) are stress-inducible chaperones that mostly reside
in the endoplasmic reticulum or the mitochondria. Recent advances show that the GRPs …

Human gastrointestinal tract research is limited by the paucity of in vitro intestinal cell
models that recapitulate the cellular diversity and complex functions of human physiology …