In a strictly defined sample of competition studies using controlled field experiments,
covering 215 species and 527 experiments, competition was found in most of the studies, in …

Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology that offers
the ability to collect high horizontal sampling densities of high vertical resolution vegetation …

Predation on nests in natural tree holes and in nest-boxes was studied in deciduous and
mixed deciduous/coniferous forests at Stenbrohult, South Sweden, during 1972-1980 …

Ecological Experiments stresses the importance of manipulative field experimentation in
ecology as being superior to the observational method. The book begins with a series of …

During the course of 40 years of observations, we found that the mean date at which a
population of Great Tits (Parus major) starts to lay varies from 10 April to 10 May. Clutch size …

1. The distribution of individuals among habitats and their relative success in those habitats
can have important consequences for population dynamics. To examine these processes for …

1. The effect of a haematophageous ectoparasite, the hen flea, on quality and number of
offspring was experimentally investigated in the great tit. The experiment consisted of a …

Changes in species composition and abundance of birds breeding in an unfragmented
temperate deciduous forest in New Hampshire, USA, were studied intensively during 16 …

(1) It has been assumed that the cost of reproduction increases with an increase in the size
of the brood reared by a breeding individual. To identify and quantify these costs, brood size …

The eggs of birds contain all the nutrients necessary for the developing embryo. The female
has to obtain these nutrients, and while in some species these may be gathered and stored …