Purpose A narrative review of existing research literature was conducted to identify practices
that are likely to improve the quality of de-escalation and use-of-force training for police …

We conducted a narrative review of existing literature to identify the knowledge, skills, and
abilities (KSAs) necessary for officers who police in democratic societies to successfully …

This study analyzes 131 police–citizen interactions observed during Fall 2016 and coded
through systematic social observation. We assessed how often officers use de-escalation …

Policing in America, Ninth Edition, provides a thorough analysis of the key issues in policing
today, and offers an issues-oriented discussion focusing on critical concerns such as …

Research Summary A robust body of research findings has established that policing is a
dangerous profession. Few scholars, however, have investigated the full picture of the …

Purpose To illuminate how racial disparities in police use of force may arise and to guide
research aimed at explaining such disparities. Methods We draw on research on policing …

Recent protests against law enforcement have spurred claims by practitioners and
editorialists that public antipathy toward the police may influence police occupational norms …

Using national survey and interview data from women patrol officers in the United States, we
assess whether women are underrepresented in the upper ranks of policing because they …

In many US cities, gun violence is the most urgent crime problem. High rates of deadly
violence make a city less livable, dragging down quality of life, economic development, and …

Purpose There has been an increasing emphasis on developing officers who can effectively
make decisions in dynamic and stressful environments to manage volatile situations. The …