Railway inspection robots have been developed and used to gradually replace human
inspectors in recent years. This paper reviews the recent developments on railway …

Railway transportation is one of the most advantageous modes of transportation because of
its high capacity, which obviates the increasing demand for conveying passengers and …

Unsupported sleepers or void zones in ballasted tracks are one of the most recent and
frequent track failures. The void failures have the property of intensive development that …

Track transitions such as bridge approaches, road crossings and shifts from slab track to
ballasted track are common locations where track degradation accelerates due to dynamic …

The ballasted track superstructure is characterized by a relative quick deterioration of track
geometry due to ballast settlements and the accumulation of sleeper voids. The track zones …

Transition zones in railway tracks are the locations with considerable changes in supporting
structures. Because of the difference in the structures or material properties, the differential …

Differential settlement of ballast and subgrade is a common issue in ballasted railway tracks.
In transition zones between two different track forms, such as between a ballasted track and …

To ensure railway operations safe, track geometry parameters, eg, track gauge, are usually
inspected using track geometry cars. The measurement frequency of track geometry cars is …

Transition zones such as level crossing and bridge approaches are critical links in railway
networks due to higher degradation rates and maintenance needs. In this context …

Excessive deflection of a rail in response to axle loading can lead to discomfort for
passengers and increased wear of both railway structures and trains. These oscillations are …