T cells can acquire a broad spectrum of differentiation states following activation. At the
extreme ends of this continuum are short-lived cells equipped with effector machinery and …

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections
and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss …

The transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and activator protein 1 (AP-
1; Fos–Jun) cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but NFAT in the absence …

Summary CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells support B cells, which are critical for germinal
center (GC) formation, but the importance of TFH-B cell interactions in cancer is unclear. We …

Although CD4+ T cell" help" is crucial to sustain antiviral immunity, the mechanisms by
which CD4+ T cells regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation during chronic infection remain …

CD8+ T cells responding to chronic infections or tumors acquire an 'exhausted'state
associated with elevated expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, and impaired …

Progenitor-like CD8+ T cells mediate long-term immunity to chronic infection and cancer and
respond potently to immune checkpoint blockade. These cells share transcriptional …

Type I and II interferons (IFNs) stimulate pro-inflammatory programs that are critical for
immune activation, but also induce immune-suppressive feedback circuits that impede …

Much remains unknown about the roles of CD4+ T helper cells in shaping localized memory
B cell and CD8+ T cell immunity in the mucosal tissues. Here, we report that lung T helper …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has limited efficacy against solid tumors, and
one major challenge is T cell exhaustion. To address this challenge, we performed a …