Human cognitive abilities are generally thought to arise from cortical expansion over the
course of human brain evolution. In addition to increased neuron numbers, this cortical …

In the brain, most synapses are formed on minute protrusions known as dendritic spines.
Unlike their artificial intelligence counterparts, spines are not merely tuneable memory …

Using behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular methods, lots of studies reveal that
depression is closely related to the abnormal neural plasticity processes occurring in the …

INTRODUCTION Depression is an episodic form of mental illness, yet the circuit-level
mechanisms driving the induction, remission, and recurrence of depressive episodes over …

Serotonin modulates neuroplasticity, especially during early life, and dysfunctions in both
systems likewise contribute to pathophysiology of depression. Recent findings demonstrate …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Dendritic spines are the major loci of synaptic plasticity and are considered as possible
structural correlates of memory. Nonetheless, systematic manipulation of specific subsets of …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to a family of small secreted proteins that
also include nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3, and neurotrophin 4. BDNF stands out …

Pioneering research studies, beginning with those using Drosophila, have identified several
molecular and cellular mechanisms for active forgetting. The currently known mechanisms …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)—a member of a small family of secreted proteins
that includes nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3 and neurotrophin 4—has emerged as a …