Abstract Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to “conserve and
sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development” …

The tropics contain the overwhelming majority of Earth's biodiversity: their terrestrial,
freshwater and marine ecosystems hold more than three-quarters of all species, including …

The scale and drivers of marine biodiversity loss are being revealed by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment process. We present the first …

Decades of overexploitation have devastated shark populations, leaving considerable doubt
as to their ecological status,. Yet much of what is known about sharks has been inferred from …

There have been increasing attempts to reverse habitat degradation through active
restoration, but few large-scale successes are reported to guide these efforts. Here, we …

Coral reef ecosystems are being fundamentally restructured by local human impacts and
climate-driven marine heatwaves that trigger mass coral bleaching and mortality. Reducing …

Despite the disparities in size and volume of marine and freshwater realms, a strikingly
similar number of species is found in each–with 15 150 Actinopterygian fishes in fresh water …

Biotic connectivity between ecosystems can provide major transport of organic matter and
nutrients, influencing ecosystem structure and productivity, yet the implications are poorly …

Resilience underpins the sustainability of both ecological and social systems. Extensive loss
of reef corals following recent mass bleaching events have challenged the notion that …

Coral reefs provide ecosystem goods and services for millions of people in the tropics, but
reef conditions are declining worldwide. Effective solutions to the crisis facing coral reefs …