There is a large and fragmented literature that examines the nature of franchising. This
paper aims to collect all the empirical evidence on the factors that make franchising work …

Entrepreneurs, even more than employees, tend to locate in regions in which they have
deep roots (“home” regions). Here, we examine the performance implications of these …

Studies have invoked several theoretical perspectives to explain differences between
female-owned businesses and male-owned businesses. Yet, few have considered the …

We discuss recent research on the growth of chains in the retail and service sectors, and
point out the role of franchising in these industries, using new data on franchising collected …

We analyze the impact of institutional quality on firm survival in 15 European emerging
markets. We employ the Cox proportional hazards model with a large dataset of firms during …

E-commerce has dramatically expanded its sales, with people being increasingly customed
to online shopping. This study aimed to examine changes in the distribution of retail stores …

1.1. Background Economics is sometimes described as the study of markets. Many market
transactions, however, do not take place in arm's-length spot markets but instead are …

This paper documents and explains the recent rise of “big‐box” general merchandisers.
Data from the Census of Retail Trade for 1977–2007 show that general‐merchandise chains …

Franchisors must empower franchisees to take decisions on a package of peripheral
elements in response to pressure for local adaptations and for entrepreneurial autonomy …

This study aimed to assess the robustness and resilience of retail areas in Seoul, based on
the changes in sales before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The spatial range and …