Recent research shows the negative impact of discrimination not only on the targets of
discrimination but also on the economy as a whole. Racial and gender inequality can limit …

Implementing a state-of-the-art machine learning technique for causal identification from text
data (C-TEXT), we document that patents authored by female inventors are under-cited …

As a proportion of GDP, US federal research and development (R&D) spending has fallen
from almost 1.9 percent in the mid-1960s to below 0.7 percent today. Given that (i) the …

The primary purpose of this monograph is to explore the search process for knowledge used
by entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial firms in pursuit of new opportunities, new product …

How to study inequality in innovation? Often, the focus has been gender gaps in patenting.
Yet much is missing from our understanding of gendered inequality in innovation with this …

This analysis focuses on the evolution of household balance sheets over the course of the
COVID-19 pandemic. Balance sheets have been buffeted by many factors, including …

Labor productivity growth powers economic growth. Yet growth in productivity has generally
slowed over the past half century, except for a brief burst during the mid-1990s and early …

Purpose This study examined differences related to gender and racial/ethnic identity among
academic researchers participating in the National Science Foundation's “Innovation …

Innovation is essential for economic growth, prosperity, and social progress. However, there
is strong evidence of persistent inequality and exclusion of women in the US innovation …

This paper presents a systematic empirical study of covariates associated with the success
of NIH Phase I SBIR-funded research projects, where success is defined in terms of the …