What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the
functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the …

Innate immunity is a semi‐specific and widely distributed form of immunity, which represents
the first line of defence against pathogens. This type of immunity is critical to maintain …

Cytokines are low molecular weight glycoproteins involved in the regulation of the immune
system, and more than 100 cytokines have hitherto been identified in humans. Cytokines …

Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma,
autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections …

The C-type lectin receptor–Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase) adaptor CARD9 facilitates protective
antifungal immunity within the central nervous system (CNS), as human deficiency in …

Abstract Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) is crucial for immunity against intracellular pathogens and for
tumor control. However, aberrant IFN‐γ expression has been associated with a number of …

The basal position of fish in vertebrate phylogeny makes them very attractive for genomic
and functional comparative immunity studies. Adaptive immunity arose early in vertebrate …

Abstract TH-17 cells are interleukin 17 (IL-17)–secreting CD4+ T helper cells involved in
autoimmune disease and mucosal immunity. In naive CD4+ T cells from mice, IL-17 is …

Purpose SARS-CoV-2 engages human ACE2 through its spike (S) protein receptor binding
domain (RBD) to enter the host cell. Recent computational studies have reported that …

Cytokines play a very important role in nearly all aspects of inflammation and immunity. The
term'interleukin'(IL) has been used to describe a group of cytokines with complex …