The failures of conventional pearlitic rail steels are strongly affected by the formation of hard
and brittle white and brown etching layers (WEL and BEL, respectively) on the rail raceway …

As a kind of directed energy deposition (DED) method, wire and arc additive manufacturing
(WAAM) is a solution for the short-process manufacturing of medium complex and integral …

Bainite to austenite reversal is one of the grain refinement techniques employed in
carburized steels. However, chemical segregation influences the homogeneity of the bainitic …

Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is the main failure mode of wheel-rail system. In this work, the
influence of non-uniform microstructure on the rolling contact fatigue performance in bainitic …

In this study, UltraFast Heat Treatment (UFHT) was applied to a soft annealed medium
carbon chromium molybdenum steel. The specimens were rapidly heated and subsequently …

A synchronous improvement of the strength and plasticity (SISP) is a significantly important
subject attracted by many researchers. In this study, the key factors affecting the plasticity …

Atomic-scale investigation was performed on 51CrV4 steel, isothermally held at different
temperatures within the bainitic temperature range. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) …

Bainite transformation is a kinetic process that involves complex solid diffusion and phase
structure evolution. This research systematically studies the bainite transformation of …

The effects of Mn and Cr contents on bainitic transformation kinetics, microstructures and
mechanical properties of high-carbon low alloy steels after austempered at 230, 300 and …

51CrV4 spring steel is a martensitic steel grade that is heat treated by quenching and
tempering. Therefore, austenitisation is an important step that influences steel properties …