The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis are fundamental rate-limiting steps for cell
growth and proliferation. The ribosomal proteins (RPs), comprising the structural parts of the …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) are
defined by their exclusive activation by MAPKs. They can be activated by classical and …

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and has a high mortality rate. Due to its
high incidence, the clinical management of the disease remains a major challenge. Several …

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in post-transcriptional events. The
combination of versatility of their RNA-binding domains with structural flexibility enables …

Type I interferon (IFN) is produced when host sensors detect foreign nucleic acids, but how
sensors differentiate self from nonself nucleic acids, such as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) …

Tumor cells form immune escape and subsequently obtain unlimited proliferation ability due
to the abnormal immune surveillance mediated by immune checkpoints. Among this class of …

Dysregulation of mRNA translation is a frequent feature of neoplasia. Many oncogenes and
tumour suppressors affect the translation machinery, making aberrant translation a …

Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in various human cancers and
has been considered a promising therapeutic target. Many of the positive regulators of the …

The stage at which ribosomes are recruited to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is an elaborate
and highly regulated phase of protein synthesis. Upon completion of this step, a ribosome is …