Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion,
reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The …

In spite of more than one century and half of studies, mechanisms of coral biomineralization,
leading to coral growth and reef formation, still remain poorly known, although major global …

Ocean acidification (OA) is considered an important threat to coral reef ecosystems, because
it reduces the availability of carbonate ions that reef-building corals need to produce their …

The boron isotopic composition of marine carbonates is considered to be a tracer of
seawater pH. Use of this proxy benefits from an intimate understanding of chemical kinetics …

The threat posed to coral reefs by changes in seawater pH and carbonate chemistry (ocean
acidification) raises the need for a better mechanistic understanding of physiological …

Uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the oceans is altering seawater chemistry with potentially
serious consequences for coral reef ecosystems due to the reduction of seawater pH and …

The anthropogenic rise in atmospheric CO 2 is driving fundamental and unprecedented
changes in the chemistry of the oceans. This has led to changes in the physiology of a wide …

Reliably predicting how coral calcification may respond to ocean acidification and warming
depends on our understanding of coral calcification mechanisms. However, the …

Boron isotopic and elemental systematics are used to define the vital effects for the
temperate shallow water Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa. The corals are from a …

Hard, or stony, corals make rocks that can, on geological time scales, lead to the formation of
massive reefs in shallow tropical and subtropical seas. In both historical and contemporary …