The global demand for ceramic materials with wide-ranging applications in the environment,
precision tools, biomedical, and electronics, and environmental fields is on the increase …

Freeze‐casting, the templating of porous structures by the solidification of a solvent, have
seen a great deal of efforts during the last few years. Of particular interest are the unique …

Aqueous electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices have attracted considerable
attention due to their advantages of low cost and high safety. However, the freeze of …

4.1 Introduction 51 4.2 Elastic constants 52 4.3 Isothermal versus adiabatic elastic constants
55 4.4 Experimental techniques 57 4.5 Some general trends in elasticity: Birch's law 59 4.6 …

Ice templating is able to do much more than macroporous, cellular materials. The underlying
phenomenon—the freezing of colloids—is ubiquitous, at a unique intersection of a variety of …

The surface of ice exhibits the swath of phase-transition phenomena common to all
materials and as such it acts as an ideal test bed of both theory and experiment. It is readily …

Our understanding of the “long range” electrodynamic, electrostatic, and polar interactions
that dominate the organization of small objects at separations beyond an interatomic bond …

[2] The World Meteorological Organization [1970] defines a polynya as ''any non-linear
shaped opening enclosed in (sea) ice... Sometimes the polynya is limited on one side by the …

Polynyas are nonlinear‐shaped openings within the ice cover, ranging in size from 10 to
105 km2. Polynyas play an important climatic role. First, winter polynyas tend to warm the …

The substantial reduction in summer Arctic sea ice extent observed in 2007 and 2008 and its
potential ecological and geopolitical impacts generated a lot of attention by the media and …