Ant colony optimization is a technique for optimization that was introduced in the early
1990's. The inspiring source of ant colony optimization is the foraging behavior of real ant …

Natural computing is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods:(1)
those that take inspiration from nature for the development of novel problem-solving …

Background The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule plays a central role in
controlling the adaptive immune response to infections. MHC class I molecules present …

Optimization techniques inspired by swarm intelligence have become increasingly popular
during the last decade. They are characterized by a decentralized way of working that …

Abstract Background Antigen presenting cells (APCs) sample the extra cellular space and
present peptides from here to T helper cells, which can be activated if the peptides are of …

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC‐II) molecules sample peptides from the
extracellular space, allowing the immune system to detect the presence of foreign microbes …

A swarm is a large number of homogenous, simple agents interacting locally among
themselves, and their environment, with no central control to allow a global interesting …

CD4 positive T helper cells control many aspects of specific immunity. These cells are
specific for peptides derived from protein antigens and presented by molecules of the …

The conventional approach for designing vaccine against a particular disease involves
stimulation of the immune system using the whole pathogen responsible for the disease. In …

Highlights•Simulation of the co-digestion of two agricultural substrates was performed.•To
predict the biogas flow rate the neural logic was employed.•The optimisation was done with …