Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the important mediators of inflammatory pathways in the gut
which play a major role in mediating the immune responses towards a wide variety of …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant
morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilli Mycobacterium …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious
disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its …

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host.
Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular …

Recognition of an invading pathogen is critical to elicit protective responses. Certain
microbial structures and molecules, which are crucial for their survival and virulence, are …

The innate immune system is a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection.
Innate immune recognition relies on a limited number of germline-encoded receptors. These …

The innate immune system in drosophila and mammals senses the invasion of
microorganisms using the family of Toll receptors, stimulation of which initiates a range of …

Toll-like receptors have a crucial role in the detection of microbial infection in mammals and
insects. In mammals, these receptors have evolved to recognize conserved products unique …

The innate immune response is the first line of defence against infectious disease. The
principal challenge for the host is to detect the pathogen and mount a rapid defensive …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute an important mechanism in the activation of innate
immune cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophage activation …