Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the
M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in …

The fungal infections are relatively common in humans that can range from common, mild
superficial infections to life-threatening invasive infections. Most of the pathogenic fungi are …

Macrophage activation is intimately linked to metabolic reprogramming. Inflammatory (M1)
macrophages are able to sustain inflammatory responses and to kill pathogens, mostly by …

Studying the metabolism of immune cells in recent years has emphasized the tight link
existing between the metabolic state and the phenotype of these cells. Macrophages in …

The immune response to Candida species is shaped by the commensal character of the
fungus. There is a crucial role for discerning between colonization and invasion at mucosal …

Chronic overnutrition and obesity induces low-grade inflammation throughout the body.
Termed “meta-inflammation,” this chronic state of inflammation is mediated by macrophages …

Human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are characterized by a high
degree of drug resistance in chemotherapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism …

Macrophages can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) and
alternatively activated macrophages (M2) in the immune system, performing pro …

Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that plays key roles in integration of cytoskeletal
functions, and therefore in basic cellular processes such as cell division and migration …

Respiratory macrophage subpopulations exhibit unique phenotypes depending on their
location within the respiratory tract, posing a challenge to in vitro macrophage model …