Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we
discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and …

Ketogenesis and ketolysis are central metabolic processes activated during the response to
fasting. Ketogenesis is regulated in multiple stages, and a nuclear receptor peroxisome …

The discovery that mammalian cells have the ability to synthesize the free radical nitric oxide
(NO) has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific research in all the fields of …

Ketone bodies are metabolized through evolutionarily conserved pathways that support
bioenergetic homeostasis, particularly in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle when …

The ketone bodies (KBs) β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are important alternative
energy sources for glucose during nutrient deprivation. KBs synthesized by hepatic …

Peroxynitrite—the product of the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide
radical—is a short-lived oxidant species that is a potent inducer of cell death. Conditions in …

The effects of ketone body metabolism suggests that mild ketosis may offer therapeutic
potential in a variety of different common and rare disease states. These inferences follow …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical acting as a cellular signaling molecule in many different
biochemical processes. NO is synthesized from l-arginine through the action of the nitric …

Peroxynitrite, the product of the fast reaction between nitric oxide (• NO) and superoxide O
2•− radicals, is an oxidizing and nitrating agent which is able to traverse biological …

Ketone bodies become major body fuels during fasting and consumption of a high-fat, low-
carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet. Hyperketonemia is associated with potential health benefits …