Orexins, or hypocretins, are excitatory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding
behavior and the sleep and wakefulness states. Since their discovery, several lines of …

Histamine was first identified in the brain about 50 years ago, but only in the last few years
have researchers gained an understanding of how it regulates sleep/wake behavior. We …

Background The orexin (hypocretin) system is important for reward-driven motivation but has
not been implicated in the expression of a multiphenotype addicted state. Methods Rats …

The changes in brain function that perpetuate opiate addiction are unclear. In our studies of
human narcolepsy, a disease caused by loss of immunohistochemically detected hypocretin …

The orexin (hypocretin) system plays a critical role in motivated drug taking. Cocaine self‐
administration with the intermittent access (IntA) procedure produces a robust addiction‐like …

In 2014, we proposed that orexin signaling transformed motivationally relevant states into
adaptive behavior directed toward exploiting an opportunity or managing a threat, a process …

Objective Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is assumed to be caused solely by a lack of hypocretin
(orexin) neurotransmission. Recently, however, we found an 88% reduction in corticotropin …

Although originally implicated in appetite and sleep/wakefulness, the hypothalamic orexin
(hypocretin) system has now been demonstrably linked with motivated behavior. This highly …

The orexin (also known as hypocretin) system, consisting of neuropeptides orexin‐A and
orexin‐B, was discovered over 25 years ago and was immediately identified as a central …

Sedatives target just a handful of receptors and ion channels. But we have no satisfying
explanation for how activating these receptors produces sedation. In particular, do sedatives …