How, when, and why organisms age are fascinating issues that can only be fully addressed
by adopting an evolutionary perspective. Consistently, the main evolutionary theories of …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality and disability, and its treatment is
still limited. Loss of neurons in damaged area is hardly rescued by relative molecular …

The vertebrate Dlx gene family encode homeobox transcription factors that are related to the
Drosophila Distal-less (Dll) gene and are crucial for development. Over the last∼ 35 years …

Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by
hemizygous loss of 26–28 genes at 7q11. 23, characteristically portray a hypersocial …

Objective Long QT syndrome type 7 (Andersen–Tawil syndrome, ATS), which is caused by
KCNJ2 gene mutation, often leads to ventricular arrhythmia, periodic paralysis and skeletal …

Chronic stress is epidemiologically correlated with physical and psychiatric disorders.
Whereas many animal models of chronic stress induce symptoms of psychopathology …

Neuronal circuits integrating Parvalbumin-positive GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (PV)
are essential for normal brain function and are often altered in psychiatric conditions. During …

Various studies have related morphology to bipedalism, type of diet, or chewing. However,
the studies so far that relate morphology to language are quite vague or incomplete. The aim …

This paper seeks to clarify central aspects of the “self-domestication” hypothesis and its
implications for the evolution of our species. It does so by reconstructing the evolutionary …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and devastating illness that affects people of
all ages. However, both the aetiology of MDD and the mechanisms of action of …