Cyclooxygenases (COXs) oxidize arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) G 2 and H 2
followed by PG synthases that generates PGs and thromboxane (TX) A 2. COXs are divided …

This article describes the recent advances in epileptogenesis and novel therapeutic
approaches for the prevention of epilepsy, with a special emphasis on the pharmacological …

Neural membrane phospholipids are hydrolyzed by a group of enzymes known as
phospholipases. This process results in the generation of second messengers such as …

This article describes the emerging evidence of hormonal influence on epileptogenesis,
which is a process whereby a brain becomes progressively epileptic due to an initial …

Phospolipase A2 (PLA2) is the esterase activity that cleaves the sn-2 ester bond in
glycerophospholipids, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The PLA2 activity is …

Proteases are classified into six distinct classes (cysteine, serine, threonine, aspartic,
glutamic, and metalloproteases) on the basis of catalytic mechanism. The cellular control of …

Cytokines regulate the innate and adaptive immune responses and are pleiotropic,
redundant and multifunctional. Expression of most cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1α/ß, is …

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the predominant isoform of cyclooxygenase in brain. COX-2
activity produces oxidative stress and results in the production of prostaglandins that have …

Methods for producing protein patterns with defined spatial arrangement and micro-and
nanoscale features are important for studying cellular-level interactions, including basic …

Ca2+ is a highly versatile intracellular second messenger in the central nervous system, and
regulates many complicated cellular processes, including excitation, plasticity and …