Historical reanalyses that span more than a century are needed for a wide range of studies,
from understanding large‐scale climate trends to diagnosing the impacts of individual …

Abstract The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has developed the third Japanese global
atmospheric reanalysis, the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q) …

Billions of historical climatological observations remain unavailable to science as they exist
only on paper, stored in numerous archives around the world. The conversion of these data …

There is a growing need for past weather and climate data to support science and decision-
making. This paper describes the compilation and construction of a global multivariable (air …

Using GFDL's new coupled model SPEAR, we have developed a decadal coupled
reanalysis/initialization system (DCIS) that does not use subsurface ocean observations. In …

Remote sensing data and model simulations of precipitation complemented the traditional
surface measurements and offer unprecedented coverage on a global scale. However, the …

Based on newly-available meteorological reanalysis, we compile and present extended
seasonal series of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Greenland Blocking indices …

The number and coverage of weather observations over the oceans were considerably
reduced during World War II (WW2) due to disruptions to normal trade routes. The …

Enabled by advances in data assimilation and the digitization of historical observations,
atmospheric reanalysis products that span the entire twentieth century provide valuable …

We describe the digitization of 1.8 million sub‐daily and daily weather observations which
were recorded in the UK Met Office Daily Weather Reports during the 1900–1910 period …